Particle Image Velocimetry in Cerebral Aneurysm Models to Evaluate Fluid Dynamic Performance of Flow Diverting Stents Across Parent Vessel Sizes

A cerebral aneurysm is a life-threatening abnormality that requires clinical intervention. Appropriate treatment is essential in order to avoid aneurysmal hemorrhage, which can result in irreparable damage or death. In particular, saccular wide-neck aneurysms (WNAs) are associated with reduced treatment success rates and require advanced surgical approaches. The current standard of treatment for WNAs is the flow diverter which minimizes aneurysmal inflow and provides an endovascular scaffold for the parent vessel, ultimately inducing aneurysm occlusion. As the use of flow diverters has expanded to include a wider range of clinical scenarios, aneurysm characteristics, such as the dome-to-neck ratio (DNR) and inflow angle, have become important for device optimization. However, another key characteristic of flow diverter mechanisms, the parent vessel, is rarely assessed in terms of fluid dynamics. In this Thesis, the impact of parent vessel size on aneurysmal fluid dynamics was investigated in order to provide insights for treatment planning. In-vitro flow measurements were obtained for stented and non-stented patient-specific aneurysm models using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The models examined included four distinct parent vessel variants of two separate WNA anatomies, under both steady and pulsatile flow conditions. PIV results displayed greater percentage reductions in smaller parent vessel diameters in comparison to larger parent vessel diameters, suggesting that parent vessel size can be a determining factor in aneurysmal hemodynamics. This finding may provide useful in prospective treatment planning in the clinical setting.M.S

Using A Concrete-Representational Abstract (CRA) Approach In Learning Fractions Among Grade Five Iraqi Pupils

In the Iraqi education system, fractions is a topic introduced to primary school pupils since Grade Four until secondary school. However, pupils in Iraqi schools often face difficulties in learning fractions. Thus, the two main objectives of this study were to examine the effects of the CRA approach on Iraqi Grade Five pupils' proficiency and retention of proficiency in learning fractions; and also in their motivation and retention of motivation in learning fractions. In addition, it also investigated the pupils' perception, feedback of teacher and pupils about learning fractions using the CRA approach. This study adopted a one-group pretest-posttest-retention test research design where a class of 34 Grade Five pupils from an Iraqi school in Kuala Lumpur

Applying ArcGIS ModelBuilder to Determination the Suitable Sites for Establishing Basic Schools (Case Study: Eastern Unit - Port Sudan City)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play an effective role in societal development, including supporting and developing the educational process with essential capabilities characterized by effectiveness, speed, and ease, which help support decision-making. The educational sector in the Eastern Unit - Port Sudan City suffers from randomness and poverty of equitable spatial distribution, therefore, this study was carried out to determine the appropriate sites for establishing new basic schools according to the recommended criteria, consequently, a model was created using model-builder tools and the spatial analyst tools were taken advantage in GIS. The criteria used in the study were obtained from the General Administration of Planning - Ministry of Urban Planning - State of Khartoum - Sudan and a satellite image of the study area was acquired and stratified into several layers that meet the objective and a lot of work was done in the ArcGIS 10.3 program until the best sites were found, and the final best site for a new basic school was determined from them. This shows the effectiveness of the program used in accurately determining the best sites according to international and local standards, which are difficult to access without the help of ArcGIS ModelBuilder, and thus benefit from it in serving the community by equitable distribution of basic schools and the possibility of all students to enroll in them

Synthesis, Spectral Study and Theoretical Treatment of Some Mixing Ligand Complexes of Quinaldic Acid and 1, 10-Phenathroline

Metal complexes of Cu (II), Fe (III) and Mn (II) with Quinaldic acid (L1) and 1, 10-Phenathroline (L2) are synthesized and characterized by standaral physic- chemical procedures (element analysis, metal analysis, FTIR, Uv-Vis, magnetic moment and conductometeric measurements). On the base of these studies, mononuclear and six coordinated octahedral geometry and nonelectrolyte of these complexes have been proposed. The standard heat of formation (?Hºf) and binding energy (?Eb) for the free ligands and their complexes are calculated by using the PM3 method at 273K of Hyperchem.-8 program. The complexes are more stable than their ligands. Moreover, the electrostatic potential of free ligands are measured to investigate the reactive site of the molecules, PM3 is used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of the free ligands, the frequencies are obtained approximately agreed with those values experimentally found; in addition, the calculation helps to assign clearly the most diagnostic bands

Phytochemicals and in silico investigations of Sudanese roselle

We analysed four different Sudanese roselle samples for their potential as novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids, saponins and sterols in all samples. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify and characterise five anthocyanins in all samples: cyanidin-3-glucoside (cy-3-glu), delphinidin-3-sambubioside (dp-3-sam), cyanidin-3-rhamnoside (cy-3-rhm), delphinidin3‑rhamnoside (dp-3-rhm) and pelargonidin-3-glucoside (pg-3-glu). Identification of cy-3-rhm, dp-3-rhm and pg-3-glu confirmed the selectivity and sensitivity of LC-MS as a powerful technique for identifying anthocyanins. In silico studies of the identified anthocyanins were performed to explore their promising inhibitory activity toward XO. Interactions between the ligand and the enzyme were via the H-bond, and hydrophobic (π-alkyl, π-sigma and alkyl) and/or electrostatic (π-cation) bonds. Inhibition of the anthocyanins was compared with that of topiroxostat, a commercial drug for hyperuricaemia. Dp-3-rhm was the most active inhibitor with a binding energy of ca. -10.90 kcal/mol compared to topiroxostat’s binding energy of ca. -8.60 kcal/mol. The good inhibition results obtained from anthocyanins toward XO suggest their application as a drug candidate to treat gout and other diseases related to the activity of XO. Significance:• Sudanese roselle is rich in phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols and anthocyanins. The isolated a thocyanins in this study were explored as novel potential XO inhibitors. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are necessary for the development of new potential anthocyanin drugs to treat gout and other diseases related to XO increased activity such as hypertension

Risk Factors of Hypocalcemic Patients at Surgical Intensive Care Unit of Zagazig University Hospitals

Background: Hypocalcemia may be present as an asymptomatic laboratory finding or as a severe life-threatening condition. Objective: The study aimed to estimate incidence rate of hypocalcemia and to identify risk factors associated with hypocalcemia in patients of Surgical Intensive Care Unit of Zagazig University Hospitals. Patients and methods: This study involved 310 patients who enrolled to Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals over a period of six months. Total serum calcium concentration and ionized calcium concentration were measured. Results: The distribution of the studied cases according to admission diagnosis, 40% of the studied cases were admitted to ICU due to sepsis and septic shock, 16% polytrauma, 10% respiratory failure, 10% post-operative monitoring, 6% with ICH, 6% with uncontrolled HTN, 4% with ischemic stroke, 2% pancreatitis, 2% dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, 2% DKA and one case due to organophosphorus poisoning and 1% rhabdomyolysis. There was statistically significant negative correlation between GCS score and Ca total and ionized at 3rd day. However, a statistically significant positive correlation was detected between Ph and Ca total at 3rd day. Only sepsis, septic shock, hypertensive crisis, aminoglycosides, respiratory failure and APACHE score were significant risk factors for hypocalcemia. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is more common in cases with sepsis and septic shock, hypertensive crisis, respiratory failure and cases with electrolyte disturbance

Phytochemical Constituents of Leaves Essential oils of Achillea fragrantissima (Asteraceae) from Iraq

Essential oils of Achillea fragrantissima extract were prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 57 phytochemical constituents of chemical compounds were identified in leaves of A. fragrantissima. The major constituents of the essential oil were camphor (34.50%), 1, 8-cineole (14.60%), artemisia ketone (10.25%), and 3-thujanone (7.82%). In addition, 43 components were present at <1%. From the 57 identified compounds, four of them was sesquiterpenes (7.01%), whereas 35 compounds were monoterpenes (61.40%)

Effect of micro TiO₂ on cement mortar

TiO2 is a primary photocatalytic ingredient. If incorporated into building materials, it can keep surfaces clean and significantly reduce smog-forming air pollutants. Many researchers have focused on the ability of Nano TiO2 to reduce NOx emissions or other pollutants. However, developing countries are unable to widely utilize Nano materials due to cost and technology barriers, in spite of their great need to find means for protecting structures from pollution and improve air quality. Some studies proved that micro TiO2 (commercial grade) also has photocatalytic properties. However, the effect of this inclusion on key mechanical and durability properties needs to be verified before being recommended for wide use. In this research the effect of commercial grade TiO2 powder on fresh state flow, compressive strength, shrinkage, sulfate resistance and carbonation. The results indicated that TiO2 decreased the workability as mortars became more sticky and dry with increased TiO2 content. The compressive strength was also reduced in TiO2 containing samples compared to the control samples especially at early ages .However, TiO2 powder as an additive in mortar was useful in reducing carbonation due to the filler effect. No samples in the current investigation showed signs of cracking or expansive mass loss due to sulfate exposure. It is recommended that TiO2 powder should be used as an additive to the mortar plaster to help in controlling the air pollution problem. However, some mix adjustment may be needed to counteract the loss in flow and strength due to the inclusion of TiO2 powder